| 1104 |
Acre taken by Crusaders. |
| 1105 |
The Reuchlin Codex of
the Prophets (Hebrew) made. |
| 1119 |
Bologna University
founded. |
| 1135 |
Birth of Moses
Maimonides. |
| 1145 |
Second Crusade |
| 1150 |
Paris University
founded.
Medical facility added to Bologna
University. |
| 1151 |
Arabs in Spain
manufacture paper.
First fire & plague insurance
(Iceland).
Chinese use explosives in warfare. |
| 1167 |
Oxford University
founded. |
| 1177 |
Founding of Belfast. |
| 1189 |
Third Crusade
Massacre of the Jewsat the
coronation of Richard I. |
| 1199 |
Founding of Liverpool. |
| 1200 |
Development of Jewish
kabalistic philosophy in southern Europe.
Engagement rings come into fashion.
Islam begins to replace Indian
religions. |
| 1202 |
Fourth Crusade |
| 1204 |
Founding of Amsterdam,
Holland. |
| 1213 |
King John of England
submits to the Pope, making England & Ireland papal fiefs. |
| 1214 |
Birth of Roger Bacon. |
| 1217 |
Fifth Crusade |
| 1225 |
Birth of Thomas Aquinas. |
| 1226 |
Death of Francis of
Assisi |
| 1228 |
Sixth Crusade |
| 1229 |
Frederick II crowned
King of Jerusalem.
The Inquisition in Toulouse forbids
Bible reading by all laymen.
Toulouse University founded. |
| 1230 |
Leprosy imported to
Europe by the Crusaders.
Founding of Berlin. |
| 1252 |
Inquisition begins to
use instruments of torture. |
| 1271 |
Marco Polo journeys to
China. |
| 1290 |
Invention of spectacles. |
| 1291 |
End of Crusades. |
| 1328 |
Invention of the
sawmill. |
| 1332 |
Bubonic plague
originates in India. |
| 1364 |
Aztecs of Mexico build
their capital, Tenochtitlan. |
| 1378 |
Two popes elected at
same time - power struggle over office. |
| 1380 |
Wycliffe translates the
Bible into English. |
| 1382 |
Wycliffe expelled from
Oxford, his doctrines being condemned by London synod. |
| 1384 |
First business
incorporation. |
| 1388 |
Second Wycliffe
translation. |
| 1455 |
Gutenberg invents the
printing press; books are now mass-produced and cost much less.
The first book printed is Gutenberg's Bible. |
| 1473 |
Birth of Nicolaus
Copernicus. |
| 1483 |
Birth of Martin Luther. |
| 1489 |
The symbols + (plus) and
- (minus) come into use. |
| 1490 |
First orphanages in
Italy & Holland. |
| 1492 |
Columbus sails for
America. |
