Religion

*Date*	*Place*	*Event*
2750	Sumer	Major religious festival celebrates victory of god of spring over god of chaos.
2550	Crete	The snake & bull are religious symbols in early Minoan culture.
		Isis & Osiris cults teach resurrection from death.
		Ishtar worshipped as goddess of love.
2500	Egypt	Earliest mummies.
	Babylon	Epic poetry celebrates re-creation of the world.
2300	Egypt	Literature contains lamentations and skepticism about the meaning of life.
2000	England	Stonehenge is the center of religious worship.
	Babylon	Marduk becomes major god.
1500	India	"Upanishad" tradition.
	India	Vedic religion assigns different powers to the separate deities of the heavens, the air, and the earth.
1000	Israel	Beginning of Hebrew literature; Song of Deborah, later collected in Song of Songs.
	India	Pantheistic religion develops (Brahminism & Atmanism) teaching identity of self, transmigration of the soul; caste system.
	China	Rational philosophy of Chou dynasty gains over mysticism of earlier Shan (Yin) dynasty.
960	Israel	Solomon collaborates with Phoenician & Egyptian architects to build Temple of Yahweh in Jerusalem.
	Greece	Temple of Hera built in Olympia.
900	Israel	Earliest prophets.
879	Nineveh	Royal palace & Ishtar Temple rebuilt.
800	Thebes	A woman reigns as high priest.
	Delphi	Apollo is worshipped.
750	Israel	Amos, Hosea, & Isaiah fight religious & social issues.
690	Greece	The worship of Apollo and Dionysus (later named Baccus) and mysticisms such as Orphism gain acceptance.
	India	Brahminic religion defines six stages of the transmigration of the soul.
638	Judea	Josiah revives Yahweh worship in Jerusalem.
630	Persia	Zoroaster founds movement (to 553).
	Greece	Acropolis in Athens is begun.
	Babylon	Marduk temple begun.
551	China	Kung Fu-tse (Confucius) to 479.
550	China	Taoism - Lao Tzu
538	Persia	Cyrus II grants permission to build the Second Temple.
509	Rome	Completion of Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, called the Capitol.
500	Egypt	Amun temple at El Charge built.
	India	Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) founds Buddhism.
	Mexico	Aztecs - most ancient architectural remains in Mexico.
480	India	Death of Buddha.
479	China	Death of Confucious
470	Greece	Birth of Socrates.
458	Judea	Ezra goes to Jerusalem to restore the laws of Moses.
400	Babylon	First five (5) books of Hebrew Bible canonized. Other scrolls (books) existed but wouldn't be canonized until 200 to 400 years later.
399	Greece	Socrates death (born c. 470).
384	Greece	Birth of Aristotle.
366	Rome	Temple of Concordia built.
356	Ephesus	Greek Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis.
347	Greece	Death of Plato.
343	Greece	Aristotle becomes the teacher of Alexander.
322	Greece	Death of Aristotle.
300	Rome	Roman plebeians admitted to the priesthood.
300	Mexico	Sun temple Atetello built at Teotihuacan.
271	Greece	Death of Epicurus.
250	Alexandria	Completion of the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible called the Septuagint or LXX.
250	Judea	First Dead Sea Scrolls are copied at Qumran in Judea.
250	Babylon	First appearance of synagogues as places of study of the Torah.
230	Egypt	Temple of sun god Horus at Edfu.
200	Babylon	Earliest Targums begun (paraphrases of the Torah).
200	Babylon	Early Torah sages: Antigonus of Sochoh, Jose ben Johanan of Jerusalem, Jose ben Joezer of Zereda in Samaria, Joshua ben Perahiah & Nittai of Arbel in Galilee, Simeon ben Shetah, and Judah ben Tabbai.
200	Judea	Book of Tobit copied at Qumran.
180	Judea	Book of Wisdom of Jesus ben Sirach written.
175	Judea	Jerusalem High Priest Jason built gymnasium in Jerusalem for Greek athletic games and education.
175		Papyrus Rylands 458: R957, Greek Deuteronomy copied.
168	Judea	Antiochus IV plundered & desecrated the Jerusalem Temple, erected an altar of Zeus.
167	Judea	Antiochus IV abolishes Temple worship in Jerusalem and attempts to force Judeans to eat pork.
165	Judea	Jerusalem Temple rededicated by Judah the Maccabee.
165	Babylon	Book of Daniel written.
150	Judea	Book of Judith written in Hebrew.
146-400		Rule of Rome
139	Rome	Cn. Cornelius Scripio Hispanus expells Jews because they attempted to transmit (infect) their sacred rites to the Romans.
112	Judea	Rise of Sadducees & Pharisees.
110	Judea	Book of Maccabees (in Hebrew).
100	Judea	Book of Enoch
100	Judea	Book of Jubilees
100	Judea	Book of 1 Esdras
100	Judea	Letter of Aristeas
90	Judea	Revolt of the Pharisees
63		Rome (Pompey) annexes Palestine
50	India	Mahayana (Greater Vehicle) Sutras of Buddhism written.
42	Rome	Caesar declared god by Senate.
30	Rome	Building of the Pantheon begun; completed in 124 CE.
20		Birth of Hillel
19	Judea	King Herod the Great began rebuilding the Temple in Jerusalem, including the Roman Eagle Gate.
13-41		Philo Judaeus of Alexandria
5	Galilee	Probable birth of Jesus.
4	Judea	Passover riot in Jerusalem - Josephus records that 3000 Judeans were killed.

6		Rome establishes direct rule of prefects in Judea

36-64		Paul "the apostle" (Jewish "Christian")
40		Gamliel/Gamaliel I (Jewish leader-scholar)
37-100		Josephus (Jewish leader, historian)
50-125		Christian Testament (NT) writings
66-73		First Jewish Revolt against Rome
70		Destruction of Jerusalem and the second Temple
70		Establishment of Jewish center for study at Yavneh/Jamnia
73		(Yohanan ben Zakkai), with rabbinic ordination
90-100		Gamaliel II excludes sectarians (including Christians) from the synagogues
90-150		Writings (third and last division of Jewish Scriptures) discussed and accepted as sacred scripture.
114-17		Jewish Revolts against Rome outside Palestine
120-135		Aqiba/Akiba active in consolidating Rabbinic Judaism
132-35		Bar Kokhba rebellion (Second Jewish Revolt)
135		Jerusalem renamed, Jews forbidden to dwell there
200		Mishnah compiled/edited under Judah the Prince
200-54		Origen (Christian scholar, biblical interpreter)
220		Babylonian Jewish Academy founded at Sura by Rab
240-276		Rise of Mani/Manichaean World Religion synthesis
250-330		Early development of Christian monasticism in Egypt
257		Council of Carthage
257		Council of Antioch
263-339		Eusebius (Christian author, historian)
303		Violent persecution of Christians by Emperor Diocletian
312-13		Emperor Constantine embraces Christianity
315		Council of Ancyra
315		Council of Neocaesarea
325		Christian First Ecumenical Council, at Nicea (Asia Minor)
325-81		Council of Gangra
325-420		Jerome (Christian author, translator) - Latin Vulgate
343		Council of Sardica
354-430		Augustine (Christian author in North Africa)
380-91		Christianity becomes the official religion of Roman Empire
381		First Council of Constantinople
400	Israel	Jewish Palestinian Talmud edited
400-600	Babylon	Jewish Babylonian Talmud edited
410		Rome sacked by Visigoths
419		Council of Carthage
425		Jewish office of Nasi/Prince abolished by Rome
426-1628		Dark Ages
431		Council of Ephesus
451		Christian Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon
529		Council of Orange
553		Second Council of Constantinople
570-632		Muhammad ("the Prophet" of Islam)
600-1300		Period of the Jewish Rabbinic Geonim
610	Persia	Prophetic call and start of Quranic revelations
638		Jews permitted to return to Jerusalem under Islam
675		Council of Toledo
742-814	France	Charlemagne (France; Holy Roman Empire: 800)
680		Third Council of Constantinople
692		Council of Trullo
787		Second Council of Nicea
869		Fourth Council of Constantinople
950-1150	Spain	Golden Age in Spain (Islamic Umayyad dynasty)
1040-1105	France	Rashi (Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac; Jewish sage)
1095		Council of Clermont
1095-1291	Israel	Crusades (Christian warfare with Islam in Palestine)
1099	Israel	Crusaders (European Christians) capture Jerusalem
1123		First Lateran Council
1135-1204	Spain	Maimonides (Rabbi Moses ben Maimon; Jewish scholar)
1139		Second Lateran Council
1179		Third Lateran Council
1198-1700		The Inquisition
1215		Fourth Lateran Council
1220		The Zohar (a Jewish kabalistic book): written
1225-74		Thomas Aquinas (Christian scholar)
1230	Spain	Inquisition by Christians in Spain
1245		First Council of Lyons
1274		Second Council of Lyons
1290-91	England	Expulsion of Jews from England
1291	Syria	Expulsion of Christian Crusaders from Syria
1300-1517	Italy	Italian Renaissance
1306-94	France	Expulsions of Jews from France
1311		Council of Vienne
1328-84		John Wycliffe (Christian dissident leader)
1373-1415		John Huss
1400		Rosicrucians - Master Kelpius, Johann Andrea
1414-18		Council of Constance
1431-45		Council of Basel
1452-1498		GirolamoSavondrola
1456	Germany	Gutenberg Bible printed (invention of printing press)
1483-1546	Germany	Martin Luther
1484-1531		Zwingli
1492	Spain	Christian expulsion of Jews from Spain
1496	Portugal	Christian expulsion of Jews from Portugal
1500-1800	India	Dominance of Mughal Muslim dynasty in India
1500-1920	Turkey	Dominance of Ottoman Muslim Empire in Turkey
1500-1650	Germany	Protestant Christian Reformation
1505-1572		John Knox
1509-1564		John Calvin
1512		Fifth Lateran Council
1517	Germany	Luther posts "95 theses" in Wittenburg, Germany
1525	Switzerland	Anabaptist (January 21) - Felix Manz
1542-46	Germany	Luther preaches against Jews
1545-60		Council of Trent
1567-71		Shulhan Aruk (code of Jewish law by Joseph Karo/Caro) published
1620	USA	Pilgrims (separatists) and Puritans came to Massachusetts and united to begin North American Congregationalism
1626-76		Shabbatai Zvi (Jewish "messianic" leader)
1650	Tibet	Tibetan Buddhism-Dalai Lama
1654	USA	Arrival of Jews in New Amsterdam (= New York, America)
1655	England	Jews readmitted to England by Oliver Cromwell
1670		Jews expelled from Vienna
1694	USA	( US) Rosicrucianism
1700		Freemasony- Albert Mackey, Albert Pike
1700-60		Jewish Hasidism - Israel Baal Shem Tov
1703-91	England	Methodist Movement - John and Charles Wesley
1760	Sweden	Swedenborgism- Emmanuel Swedenborg
1775-81	USA	American Revolution; religious freedom guaranteed
1784		Shakers - Mother Ann Lee
1789	France	French Revolution
1793		Synod of the German Reformed Church created in US
1793		North Carolina Christian group formed
1800	Germany	Jewish Reform movement in Europe (Abraham Geiger)
1801		First Free Christian Church in Vermont formed
1804		Kentucky Christian group formed
1820		Christian Church (uniting of North Carolina Christian group [1793], First Free Christian Church in Vermont [1801], and Kentucky Christian group [1804])
1830	USA	Mormons – Joseph Smith
1830	USA	Cambellites-Alexander & Thomas Cambell, Barton Stone
1838		Tenrikyo- Miki Maegawa Nakayama
1840-45	USA	Millerites 2^nd day Adventists –William Miller
1842	USA	Southern Baptist denomination formed.
1844		Christadelphianism- John Thomas
1844		Bahai- Baha'u'llah (Abul Baha)
1845-70	USA	7^th day Adventists-E.G. White
1848		Spirtualism - Kate and Margaret Fox
1861-65	USA	American Civil War
1867		Reformed Church (The name German was dropped from the title of Synod of the German Reformed Church [see 1793]).
1869-70		Vatican Council I
1870		Jehovah's Witnesses- Charles Taze Russsel
1872	USA	German Evangelical Synod of North America
1873	USA	Union of American Hebrew Congregations (Reform) established in US
1875		Theosophical Society- H.P. Blavatsky Henry Olcott
1881		Start of mass migrations of eastern European Jews
1886	USA	Founding of Conservative Judaism - Solomon Schechter
1890		Anthroposophical Society-Helena Blavatsky
1892		Congregational Methodists join North American Congregationalism (1620)
1897		First Jewish Zionist congress
1900		Founding of the Modern Jewish Orthodox movement
1900		Rosicrucian Fellowship-Max Heindel
1902		Anthroposophical society –Rudolf Steiner
1906		Pentecostal Assemblies of the World
1914		Iglesia ni Cristo- Felix Manalo
1914		Oneness Pentecostalism- Frank Ewart, G.T.Haywood, Glenn Cook
1914-18		World War I
1925		German Congregationalists join North American Congregationalism [1620]
1927		Mind Science- Ernest Holmes
1927		The name German was dropped from the title German Evangelical Synod of North America (see 1872).
1930		Black Muslims (Nation of Islam) –Wallace D. Fard
1932		Congregational Christian Church (uniting of North American Congregationalism [1620] and Christian Church [1820])
1933	Germany	Adolph Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
1934		Evangelical and Reformed Church (Reformed Church [see 1793 & 1867] and Evangelical Synod of North America [see 1872 & 1927] united)
1934		World wide Church of God- Herbert W. Armstrong
1935		Self realization Fellowship- Paramahansa Yogananda
1935	Germany	Jewish rights in Germany rescinded by Nuremberg laws
1938		German Jewish synagogues burned down on 9th of November
1939-45		World War II
1954		Unification Church- Sun Myung Moon
1945		The Way -Victor P.Wierwille
1948		Latter Rain –Franklin Hall, George Warnock
1948	Israel	Declaration of independence of the State of Israel
1968		Hare Krishna (US)- Swami Prabhupada
1968		Children of God- David Berg
1945		United Pentecostal International- Howard Goss, W.T Witherspoon ( can be traced back to 1914)
1944		Silva Mind control –Jose Silva
1954		Atherius Society (UFO’s)- Dr.George .King
1955		Scientology- L.Ron Hubbard
1955		Urantia Book- Dr. Bill Sadler
1957		United Church of Christ (The Evangelical and Reformed Church and the Congregational Christian Churches united)
1958		Institute of Divine Metaphysical Research- Henry Kinley
1958-70		Church Universal and Triumphant –Mark and E. C Prophet
1959		Unitariarian Universalist
1960		Transcendental meditation- Maharishi mahesh Yogi
1960		Enkankar- Paul twitchell
1960		Jewish Reconstructionist movement - Mordecai Kaplan
1962-65		Vatican Council II
1965		Assembly of Yahweh-Jacob Meyer
1966		Church of Satan –Anton LaVey
1967	Israel	"Six Days War" reunites Jerusalem under Israeli control
1972		Ordination of first (Reform) Jewish woman rabbi in US
1973	Israel	"Yom Kippur War" in Israel
1974		Ordination of first Reconstructionist Jewish woman rabbi
1984-85		Ordination of first Conservative Jewish woman rabbi